Mrunal: 25th to 28th March- 4 Days Current: Polity, Economy, IR

Polity

- Polity: Federalism / PRI: Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Act, 2022 → 1) replacement of the word “government” with “Central government” in all places.  So, this basically takes the Delhi government out of the picture completely when it comes to decision-making in the unified corporation.   2) Unifying the North, East and South MCDs 3) reduce the number of seats  → delimitation exercise →   Special Officer until the election and first meeting of the unified MCD takes place. Criticism? 😥 7th Sch- State List: powers to constitute municipal corporations is with the states. Union government is encroaching upon the domain of the Delhi state government. (केंद्र सरकार दिल्ली के तीनों नगर निगमों को एकीकृत कर देना चाहती है और उसकी क़ानून वे सरकारी शब्दों को बदलकर केंद्र सरकार शब्द डाला जा रहा है यानी कि दिल्ली राज्य सरकार की कोई भूमिका भविष्य में नहीं रहेंगी। इस पर संवैधानिक विशेषज्ञ नाराज़ है, क्योंकि सातवीं अनुसूची के हिसाब से राज्य सरकारों को नगर पालिका की स्थापना इत्यादि के अधिकार दिए गए हैं।)

- Polity: Executive: 22% shortage of IAS officers compared to their sanctioned strength. Result? 1) one officer is given charge of multiple departments → Quality of administration⏬ 2) State governments are appointing point NON-IAS / StatePSC officers in the posts  → → Quality of administration⏬ . Then should be increase the yearly recruitment of IAS officers? B S Baswan Committee (2016)- do not recruitment more than 180 IAS per year ELSE (a) merit will be compromised; (b) it’ll exceed the LBNSAA’s (Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration’s) training capacity; (c) lead to a distortion in the career pyramid of IAS officers in senior posts. Cadre Review Committee (CRC) is headed by the Cabinet Secretary recommends the vacancies  😍 Functions of IAS:  collection of revenue, maintenance of law and order, and implementation/supervision of Govt schemes. They function as executive magistrates. They supervise the spending of public funds. At senior level, contribute to policy formulation and decision-making in consultation with Ministers.   (भारत में IAS  की जितनी नौकरियां है उसमें 22% स्थान रिक्त/खाली है. जिसके चलते एक ही अफ़सर को एक से ज़्यादा महकमों का कार्यभार दिया जाता है, और ग़ैर-आइएएस अफ़सरों को भी आइएएस अफ़सरों वाले पद  दिए जाते हैं। जिससे प्रशासन की कार्य दक्षता में कमी आ रही है। बासवान समिति ने कहा था कि एक साल में 180 से ज़्यादा आइएएस अफ़सरों की भर्ती नहीं होनी चाहिए वरना मेरिट में कमी आएगी, इतनी अधिक मात्रा में अफ़सरों की  मसूरी में अच्छी तालीम हो नहीं पाएगी और प्रमोशन के बाद सब को उच्च स्थानों पर बिठाया नहीं जा पाएगा। ) 

- Polity: Rights issues/Secularism: National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 → Union notified following communities as minorities  — Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists, Parsis and Christians (later 2014: Jains also added).  - 2002: TMA Pai case: Article  30 that deals with  rights of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions, religious and linguistic minorities. The minority list need to be considered state-wise.  2011-Census:   Hindus were a minority in Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, J&K, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Punjab. Later PIL in SC to grant Hindus in these states minority status. Supreme Court criticise union government for not taking any stand on this matter. 2022: Union government replied to the Supreme Court.- 1) both Parliament and state legislatures “have concurrent powers to enact law to provide for the protection of minorities and their interests”  2) Maharashtra had notified Jews as a minority community in 2016 and Karnataka had notified Hindi, Konkani, Gujarati etc. as minority languages.   So, States can do it.  (कुछ राज्यों में हिन्दू समाज अल्पसंख्यक है इसलिए सुप्रीम कोर्ट में जनहित याचिका की उन्हें अल्पसंख्यक घोषित किया जाए ताकि उन्हें विविध सरकारी योजना तथा संवैधानिक अधिकारों का लाभ मिले जैसे की ख़ुद के अल्पसंख्यक शिक्षा संस्थान स्थापित करने की आज़ादी. इस पर केंद्र सरकार ने जवाब दिया है कि राज्य सरकारों को भी ये शक्तियां दी गई है कि वे भी ख़ुद से धार्मिक और भाषा के आधार पर किसी समुदाय को अल्पसंख्यक घोषित कर सकते हैं जैसा कि महाराष्ट्र राज्य सरकार ने यहूदियों को अल्पसंख्यक घोषित किया है.)

Econom

- EcoPill3A-BoP/Intl-Trade: NITI’s Export Preparedness Index 2022. Gujarat ranked No. 1 for the second time in a ro

- ⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ Finance Bill: Crypto losses can’t be set off against gains. Already covered in Win22 series. download location: https://mrunal.org/downlo

- EcoPil4A-Agro: (GSM3) research and extension services- If India wants to be fully self-reliant in food, it is must invest at least 1 per cent of its agri-GDP in agri-R&D. but presently this number is  around 0.6%.  Economic Survey 2022 highlighted the correlation between spending on agri-R&D and agricultural growth. Every rupee spent on agri-R&D yields much better returns (11.2), compared to returns on every rupee spent on fertiliser subsidy (0.88), power subsidy (0.79), etc. Yet, the election populism in Indian democracy leads to sub-optimal choices in the allocation of scarce resources.   (कृषि उत्पादन बढ़ाने के लिए कृषि संशोधन और नवाचार में ज़्यादा निवेश की ज़रूरत है. ऐसा करने से बहूत अधिक मुनाफ़ा हो सकता है किन्तु चुनावी लोक लुभावन के चलते सरकार का झुकाव यूरिया सब्सिडी बिजली सब्सिडी इत्यादि लोक लुभावन चीज़ों पर रहता है जिसमें वास्तविक रूप से कृषि उत्पादन में बहुत ज़्यादा बढ़ोतरी नहीं मिलता

- EcoPill6: HRD:  education: Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), the autonomous body under the Ministry of Education: 1975 allowing a fixed quota for students’ admission to each member of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. 2022: Congress MP Manish Tewari complain in Parliament that presently the10-seat quota is not enough for an MP who is forced to reject a large number of applicants.  Either you enhance the quota from 10 to 50 or do away with it,”  (केंद्रीय विद्यालयों में हर एक सांसददस विद्यार्थियों को नामांकित कर सकता है हालाँकि कुछ सांसदों की माँग है कि इस आरक्षण कोटा को और बढ़ाया जाए क्योंकि उनके चुनाव क्षेत्र में बहुत ज़्यादा लोग उनसे इस कोटे के तहत एडमिशन की माँग करती रही है

- EcoPill6: HRD: Hunger: Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY-2020). Presently, Under the scheme, 5 kg of food grains (wheat, rice, coarse grain) is provided to each beneficiary each month free of cost.   PMGKAY for six more months till September 2022. beneficiaries are those covered under the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013   (कोरोना के बाद, प्रधानमंत्री ग़रीब कल्याण अन्य योजना के तहत गरीबों को पाँच किलो अनाज मुफ़्त में बाँटा जाता है इस योजना की अवधि को बढ़ाकर सपटेंबर तक किया है

- EcoPil5-INFRA: Energy- cooking gas is getting costlier. A 14.2 kg LPG cylinder in Delhi now costs Rs 949- that is 60% ⏫ then its average prices in the 2020. Reasons? 1) Corona⏬ → ⏫demand for restaurant 2) Russia-Ukraine war (LPG सिलिंडर के दाम काफ़ी बढ़ रहे हैं

- IR/Defense: SriLanka- earlier the minority Tamil is used to come from Sri Lanka to Tamil Nadu because of the persecution in Srilanka. But 2022: Sri Lankan Tamil refugees are trying to enter India because of the hunger and poverty in Sri Lanka. They are ‘economic refugees’ (एक ज़माने में श्रीलंका के सिंहाली बहुमत समुदाय के द्वारा अल्पसंख्यक तमिलों का शोषण और अत्याचार किया जाता था, इसलिए वे तमिल परेशान होकर श्रीलंका से भारत  की शरण में आते थे। हालाँकि २०२२ में ये श्रीलंकाई तमिल शरणार्थी ग़रीबी और भुखमरी और महँगाई के चलते भारत की शरण में आ रही है क्योंकि श्रीलंका की अर्थव्यवस्था एकदम ख़राब हो चुकी है.

- ⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ Maldives EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Minister S Jaishankar signed pacts on health and education, and discussed regional security and maritime safety  

- ⚾️📻⚾️🎙✋ Offshore trusts first in searches tied to probe in Pandora Papers

- IR/Defense: China- Chinese foreign minister  Wang 1)  backed Pakistan’s “aspirations” for Kashmir, 2)  Where he welcomed the Taliban’s daesire to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative. Earlier Taliban had destroyed the BAMIYAN BUDDHAS statue and monasteries in Afghanistan but now they want to Chinese companies to invest in the copper mines of Afghanistan so they said they will protect such monuments. (चीनी विदेश मंत्री की कश्मीर और तालिबान की बया    )

नबाजी पर भारत सरकार नाराज़)

- IR/Defense: MALDIVES: Ex-president Abdulla Yameen’s ‘India Out’ campaign. He wants to cancel defence deals signed with India.

PIN / PLACES 

- Books: 1946 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny by Author Pramod Kapoor. He found that Admiral John Henry Godfrey, who headed the RIN at that time, was the inspiration for spy thriller writer Ian Fleming’s character ‘M’, the boss of James Bond.   

- freedom fighters: Kartar Singh Sarabha engineering student from University of California. He was a writer, publisher. Associated with Pacific Coast Hindustan Association and Ghadar movement and a freedom fighter. He was known as ‘Bala Jarnail (Boy general)’. He was an inspiration for Bhagat Singh. He was hanged to death in Lahore in 1915 at the age of 19. 

- Death: Former justice of India- Ramesh Chandra Lahoti. He had given historic judgement on divorce and bigamy in Muslim Personnel Law.   

- geography/ disasters: Taal volcano in PHILIPPINES   

- Appointment: AKHILESH Yadav becomes opposition leader IN U.P. ASSEMBLY   

- GPSC: GUJARAT HAS bagged an award for 'Best State with a Dedicated Outlook for the Sector' at Wings India Awards 2022 exhibition, organised by the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI), and Airports Authority of India at Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad. ‘’

- GPSC: Rann Utsav, festival of white Rann in Kutch, promoted by actor Amitabh Bachhan, starts from November 1 till end of February. But number of foreign tourists have declined from 5,000 to barely 76 in (2021) due to Corona. 

- GPSC: Gujarat’s first public skill university, Kaushalya – The Skill University (KSU) at Shilaj in Ahmedabad. It will have classes on English, ethics and etiquette.